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The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), sometimes referred to as the shadow zone, is the zone in which oxygen saturation in seawater in the ocean is at its lowest. This zone occurs at depths of about 200 to 1,500 m (700–4,900 ft), depending on local circumstances.
This map shows changes in the aragonite saturation level of ocean surface waters between the 1880s and 2006–2015. Aragonite is a form of calcium carbonate that many marine animals use to build their skeletons and shells. The lower the saturation level, the more difficult it is for organisms to build and maintain their skeletons and shells.
This series of reactions governs the pH levels in the ocean and also dictates the saturation state of seawater, indicating how saturated or unsaturated the seawater is with carbonate ions. Consequently, the saturation state significantly influences the balance between the dissolution and calcification processes in marine biogenic calcifiers.
O 2 concentrations in the ocean have decreased since the 1980s. [2] Part of this decrease is due to increased ocean heat content (OHC) from global warming decreasing O 2 solubility. As solubility in surface oceans decreases, O 2 out gasses to the atmosphere. [3] Increased AOU is likely also contributing to declining ocean O 2 concentrations. [2]
The lysocline is the depth in the ocean dependent upon the carbonate compensation depth (CCD), usually around 5 km, below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically because of a pressure effect. While the lysocline is the upper bound of this transition zone of calcite saturation, the CCD is the lower bound of this zone. [1]
Saturation (genetic), the observed number of mutations relative to the maximum amount possible; Ocean saturation, more than 2.3 billion years ago: see "Great Oxygenation Event" Environmental saturation, environmental resistance to population growth: see "Logistic function" and "Carrying capacity"
Decline of oxygen saturation to anoxia, measured during the night in Kiel Fjord, Germany. Depth = 5 m. Oxygen depletion can result from a number of natural factors, but is most often a concern as a consequence of pollution and eutrophication in which plant nutrients enter a river, lake, or ocean, and phytoplankton blooms are
Ocean deoxygenation – Reduction of the oxygen content of the oceans; Oxygen minimum zone – Zone in which oxygen saturation in seawater in the ocean is at its lowest; Shutdown of thermohaline circulation – System of surface and deep currents in the Atlantic Ocean