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  2. Memory ordering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_ordering

    The memory order is said to be strong or sequentially consistent when either the order of operations cannot change or when such changes have no visible effect on any thread. [1] [4] Conversely, the memory order is called weak or relaxed when one thread cannot predict the order of operations arising from another thread.

  3. Tracing garbage collection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracing_garbage_collection

    In fact, runtime systems for modern programming languages (such as Java and the .NET Framework) usually use some hybrid of the various strategies that have been described thus far; for example, most collection cycles might look only at a few generations, while occasionally a mark-and-sweep is performed, and even more rarely a full copying is ...

  4. Memory model (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_model_(programming)

    Modern programming languages like Java therefore implement a memory model. The memory model specifies synchronization barriers that are established via special, well-defined synchronization operations such as acquiring a lock by entering a synchronized block or method. The memory model stipulates that changes to the values of shared variables ...

  5. Memory barrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_barrier

    For example, a second CPU may see memory changes made by the first CPU in a sequence that differs from program order. A program is run via a process which can be multi-threaded (i.e. a software thread such as pthreads as opposed to a hardware thread). Different processes do not share a memory space so this discussion does not apply to two ...

  6. Comparison of programming languages by type system

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    This is a comparison of the features of the type systems and type checking of multiple programming languages.. Brief definitions A nominal type system means that the language decides whether types are compatible and/or equivalent based on explicit declarations and names.

  7. Java memory model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_memory_model

    The Java programming language and platform provide thread capabilities. Synchronization between threads is notoriously difficult for developers; this difficulty is compounded because Java applications can run on a wide range of processors and operating systems.

  8. Lamport's bakery algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamport's_bakery_algorithm

    When implementing the pseudo code in a single process system or under cooperative multitasking, it is better to replace the "do nothing" sections with code that notifies the operating system to immediately switch to the next thread. This primitive is often referred to as yield. Lamport's bakery algorithm assumes a sequential consistency memory ...

  9. SMA* - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMA*

    function simple memory bounded A *-star (problem): path queue: set of nodes, ordered by f-cost; begin queue. insert (problem. root-node); while True do begin if queue. empty then return failure; //there is no solution that fits in the given memory node:= queue. begin (); // min-f-cost-node if problem. is-goal (node) then return success; s:= next-successor (node) if! problem. is-goal (s ...