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Oxazolidinones are useful as Evans auxiliaries, which are of interest for chiral synthesis. In a common implementation, an acid chloride substrate reacts with a chiral oxazolidinone to form an imide. Substituents at the 4 and 5 position of the oxazolidinone direct any aldol reaction to the alpha position of the carbonyl of the substrate. [6]
The oxazolidones and isoxazolidones are a set of six isomeric five-membered heterocyclic compounds consisting of a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom with a hydrogen atom attached, and two methylene groups.
The antimicrobial spectrum of an antibiotic can be determined by testing its antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microbes in vitro. Nonetheless, the range of microorganisms which an antibiotic can kill or inhibit in vivo may not always be the same as the antimicrobial spectrum based on data collected in vitro. [2] [5]
The oxazolidinone pharmacophore—the chemical "template" essential for antimicrobial activity—consists of a 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one moiety with an aryl group at position 3 and an S-methyl group, with another substituent attached to it, at position 5 (the R-enantiomers of all oxazolidinones are devoid of antibiotic properties). [108]
Oxazolidine is a five-membered heterocycle ringwith the formula (CH 2) 3 (NH)O.The O atom and NH groups are not mutually bonded, in contrast to isoxazolidine. [2] [3] Oxazolidines (emphasis on plural) are derivatives of the parent oxazolidine owing to the presence of substituents on carbon and/or nitrogen.
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
These have a wide range of effects on membrane permeability, cell wall formation and pheromone actions of target cells. In particular, Bacteriocin AS-48 is a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by the eubacteria Enterococcus faecalis (Streptococcus faecalis) that shows a broad antimicrobial spectrum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative ...
Diagram depicting antibiotic resistance through alteration of the antibiotic's target site, modeled after MRSA's resistance to penicillin. Beta-lactam antibiotics permanently inactivate PBP enzymes , which are essential for cell wall synthesis and thus for bacterial life, by permanently binding to their active sites.