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  2. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

    Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

  3. TOPS System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS_System

    A 2012 study presented in Barcelona found that one in four elderly patients who had lumbar spinal fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) or spondylolisthesis needed a second spinal surgery within two years. Additionally, nearly half of these patients were readmitted to the hospital due to complications.

  4. Klippel–Feil syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klippel–Feil_syndrome

    Type II—Long fusion below C2 with an abnormal occipital-cervical junction. Similar to the C2-C3 fusion of McRae and could be viewed as a more elaborate variation. Flexion, extension, and rotation are all concentrated in the area of an abnormal odontoid process or poorly developed ring of C1 which cannot withstand the effects of aging.

  5. Atlanto-occipital dislocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanto-occipital_dislocation

    The Hangman's fracture which is a fracture of the C2 vertebral body or dens of the cervical spine upon which the skull base sits to allow the head to rotate, can also be associated with atlanto-occipital dislocation. Despite its eponym, the fracture is not usually associated with a hanging mechanism of injury.

  6. Cervicocranial syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervicocranial_syndrome

    As a result of having congenital Klippel-Feil syndrome, the spinal anatomy of the individual will present abnormal fusion of any two of the seven cervical bones in the neck. [13] This is considered to be an anomaly of cervical bones. [14] It affects the functioning of cervical spinal nerves (C1 - C8) because of compression on the spinal cord.

  7. Laminectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminectomy

    Surgical treatment that includes a laminectomy is the most effective remedy for severe spinal stenosis; however, most cases of spinal stenosis are not severe enough to require surgery. When the disabling symptoms of spinal stenosis are primarily neurogenic claudication and the laminectomy is done without spinal fusion, there is generally a more ...

  8. Congenital vertebral anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_vertebral_anomaly

    Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae consist of the process of the last lumbar vertebra fusing with the first sacral segment. [1] While only around 10 percent of adults have a spinal abnormality due to genetics, a sixth lumbar vertebra is one of the more common abnormalities. [2] Sacralization of the L5 vertebra is seen at the lower right of the ...

  9. Instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumented_posterior...

    It involves fusion of two or more levels utilizing screws, rods, and an interbody graft. It has a theoretical advantage over instrumented posterolateral fusion (iPLF) in that it provides better support for the vertebra along with several potential neurological benefits, but as of 2011 evidence demonstrating actual improved clinical outcomes was ...

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