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The third revision (1989) dealt further with the function and structure of the independent committee. However, from 1993 onwards, the Declaration was not alone as a universal guide since CIOMS and the World Health Organization (WHO) had also developed their International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects.
The STROBE Statement was developed by the STROBE Initiative, an international collaboration of epidemiologists, methodologists, statisticians, researchers and journal editors with the aim to assist authors when writing up analytical observational studies, to support editors and reviewers when considering such articles for publication, and to help readers when critically appraising published ...
A retrospective cohort study, also called a historic cohort study, is a longitudinal cohort study used in medical and psychological research. A cohort of individuals that share a common exposure factor is compared with another group of equivalent individuals not exposed to that factor, to determine the factor's influence on the incidence of a ...
One of the earliest models for ethical human experimentation, preceding the Nuremberg Code, was established in 1931. [4] In the Weimar Republic of 20th century pre-Nazi Germany, the entity known as Reichsgesundheitsamt [5] (translating roughly to National Health Service), under the Ministry of the Interior [6] formulated a list of 14 points detailing these ethical principles.
The term retrospective study is sometimes used as another term for a case-control study. [17] This use of the term "retrospective study" is misleading, however, and should be avoided because other research designs besides case-control studies are also retrospective in orientation. [citation needed]
The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...
In contrast with previous studies, new research suggests that higher zinc consumption may significantly increase the risk of endometriosis compared to consuming lower amounts.
The main product of the CONSORT Group is the CONSORT Statement, [1] which is an evidence-based, minimum set of recommendations for reporting randomized trials.It offers a standard way for authors to prepare reports of trial findings, facilitating their complete and transparent reporting, reducing the influence of bias on their results, and aiding their critical appraisal and interpretation.