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A tetrad is the association of a pair of homologous chromosomes (4 sister chromatids) physically held together by at least one DNA crossover. This physical attachment allows for alignment and segregation of the homologous chromosomes in the first meiotic division. In most organisms, each replicated chromosome (composed of two identical sisters ...
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
This means that any section of the genome with long sections of repetitive DNA is prone to crossover events. [citation needed] The presence of transposable elements is another influential element of non-homologous crossover. Repetitive regions of code characterize transposable elements; complementary but non-homologous regions are ubiquitous ...
For example, in an aligned DNA sequence matrix, all of the A, G, C, T or implied gaps at a given nucleotide site are homologous in this way. Character state identity is the hypothesis that the particular condition in two or more taxa is "the same" as far as our character coding scheme is concerned.
The independent orientation of homologous chromosome pairs along the metaphase plate during metaphase I and orientation of sister chromatids in metaphase II, this is the subsequent separation of homologs and sister chromatids during anaphase I and II, it allows a random and independent distribution of chromosomes to each daughter cell (and ...
A heteroduplex is a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid originated through the genetic recombination of single complementary strands derived from different sources, such as from different homologous chromosomes or even from different organisms.
Based on the definition of homology specified above this terminology is incorrect since sequence similarity is the observation, homology is the conclusion. [3] Sequences are either homologous or not. [3] This involves that the term "percent homology" is a misnomer. [4]
[citation needed] While in this formation, homologous sites on two chromatids can closely pair with one another, and may exchange genetic information. [ 6 ] Because there is a small probability of recombination at any location along a chromosome, the frequency of recombination between two locations depends on the distance separating them.