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Applying the rules recursively to a source string of symbols will usually terminate in a final output string consisting only of terminal symbols. Consider a grammar defined by two rules. In this grammar, the symbol Б is a terminal symbol and Ψ is both a non-terminal symbol and the start symbol. The production rules for creating strings are as ...
Metalanguages have their own metasyntax each composed of terminal symbols, nonterminal symbols, and metasymbols. A terminal symbol, such as a word or a token, is a stand-alone structure in a language being defined. A nonterminal symbol represents a syntactic category, which defines one or more valid phrasal or sentence structure consisted of an ...
The language generated by a grammar is the set of all strings of terminal symbols that can be derived, by repeated rule applications, from some particular nonterminal symbol ("start symbol"). Nonterminal symbols are used during the derivation process, but do not appear in its final result string.
A distinguished symbol that is the start symbol, also called the sentence symbol. A grammar is formally defined as the tuple ( N , Σ , P , S ) {\displaystyle (N,\Sigma ,P,S)} . Such a formal grammar is often called a rewriting system or a phrase structure grammar in the literature.
A Bachman diagram is a certain type of data structure diagram, [2] and is used to design the data with a network or relational "logical" model, separating the data model from the way the data is stored in the system. The model is named after database pioneer Charles Bachman, and mostly used in computer software design.
The designer determines what data must be stored and how the data elements interrelate. With this information, they can begin to fit the data to the database model. [1] A database management system manages the data accordingly. Database design is a process that consists of several steps.
The name is a three-letter acronym for DataBase Manager, and can also refer to the family of database engines with APIs and features derived from the original dbm. The dbm library stores arbitrary data by use of a single key (a primary key ) in fixed-size buckets and uses hashing techniques to enable fast retrieval of the data by key.
The following is provided as an overview of and topical guide to databases: Database – organized collection of data, today typically in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies).