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Total cholesterol: 3.0, [65] 3.6 [14] [65] 5.0, [5] [66] 6.5 [14] ... HDL cholesterol: Male: 0.9 [5] [67] 2.0 [67] mmol/L 35 [68] ... The INR is a corrected ratio of ...
Due to the positive functions of HDL cholesterol, a low level indicates dyslipidemia and is a risk factor for complications. [1] Another diagnostic test that is often reviewed is LDL cholesterol. [6] Low density lipoproteins are made up of cholesterol, TG, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins. [7]
The proportion of AST to ALT in hepatocytes is about 2.5:1, but because AST is removed from serum by the liver sinusoidal cells twice as quickly (serum half-life t 1/2 = 18 hr) compared to ALT (t 1/2 = 36 hr), so the resulting serum levels of AST and ALT are about equal in healthy individuals, resulting in a normal AST/ALT ratio around 1.
Many components of metabolic syndrome are associated with a sedentary lifestyle, including increased adipose tissue (predominantly central); reduced HDL cholesterol; and a trend toward increased triglycerides, blood pressure, and glucose in the genetically susceptible. Compared with individuals who watched television or videos or used their ...
It is mainly based on age, gender, diabetes, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, tobacco smoking, and systolic blood pressure. When predicting risk in younger adults (18–39 years old), the Framingham Risk Score remains below 10–12% for all deciles of baseline-predicted risk. [86] Polygenic score is another way of risk assessment. In one ...
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
Decrease non-HDL cholesterol. [109] [110] Statin treatment reduces cardiovascular mortality by about 31%. [111] Stopping smoking and avoidance of second-hand smoke. [97] Stopping smoking reduces risk by about 35%. [112] At least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate exercise per week. [113] [114] Lower blood pressure, if elevated.
AST and ALT blood levels are both elevated, but at less than 300 IU/liter, with an AST:ALT ratio > 2.0, a value rarely seen in other liver diseases. [52] In the United States, 40% of cirrhosis-related deaths are due to alcohol. [33] In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fat builds up in the liver and eventually causes scar tissue. [53]
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