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Observations of multiple realizability — and of its relation to functionalism — predate their use in philosophy beginning in the 1960s. Alan Turing remarked on multiple realizability in 1950, for example, [18] writing: "The fact that Babbage's Analytical Engine was to be entirely mechanical will help us rid ourselves of a superstition ...
The use of multiple representations supports and requires tasks that involve decision-making and other problem-solving skills. [2] [3] [4] The choice of which representation to use, the task of making representations given other representations, and the understanding of how changes in one representation affect others are examples of such mathematically sophisticated activities.
System identification techniques take the experimental data from a system and output a realization. Such techniques can utilize both input and output data (e.g. eigensystem realization algorithm) or can only include the output data (e.g. frequency domain decomposition). Typically an input-output technique would be more accurate, but the input ...
In mathematical logic, realizability is a collection of methods in proof theory used to study constructive proofs and extract additional information from them. [1] Formulas from a formal theory are "realized" by objects, known as "realizers", in a way that knowledge of the realizer gives knowledge about the truth of the formula. There are many ...
Dr. Dinesh Prasad Saklani is the director of NCERT since 2022. [2] In 2023, NCERT constituted a 19-member committee, including author and Infosys Foundation chair Sudha Murthy, singer Shankar Mahadevan, and Manjul Bhargava to finalize the curriculum, textbooks and learning material for classes 3 to 12. [4]
Moksha (liberation) therefore is described as the realization that all finite reality is essentially dependent on the Supreme. [11] God is believed to have shown the way to attain moksha through several avatars. [13] Bhakti Yoga is an essential part of Dvaita Vedanta. By devotion to God and God's grace, jiva attains moksha. However, bad karma ...
In more formal probability theory, a random variable is a function X defined from a sample space Ω to a measurable space called the state space. [2] [a] If an element in Ω is mapped to an element in state space by X, then that element in state space is a realization.
Merton believed that it is multiple discoveries, rather than unique ones, that represent the common pattern in science. [4] Merton contrasted a "multiple" with a "singleton"—a discovery that has been made uniquely by a single scientist or group of scientists working together. [5] The distinction may blur as science becomes increasingly ...