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β thalassemia major (Mediterranean anemia or Cooley anemia) is caused by a β o /β o genotype. No functional β chains are produced, and thus no hemoglobin A can be assembled. This is the most severe form of β-thalassemia. β thalassemia intermedia is caused by a β + /β o or β + /β + genotype. In this form, some hemoglobin A is produced.
Alpha thalassemia is has greatest prevalence in populations originating from Southeast Asia, Mediterranean countries, Africa, the Middle East, India, and Central Asia. [8] Having a mild form of alpha thalassemia has been demonstrated to protect against malaria and thus can be an advantage in malaria endemic areas. [13]
Beta-thalassemia; Other names: Microcytemia, beta type [1] Beta thalassemia genetics, the picture shows one example of how beta thalassemia is inherited. The beta globin gene is located on chromosome 11. A child inherits two beta globin genes (one from each parent). Specialty: Hematology: Types: Thalassemia minor, intermediate and major [2] Causes
This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions.Blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).
In mainland Southeast Asia, its prevalence can reach 30 or 40%, and Northeast India, in certain areas it has carrier rates that reach 60% of the population. In Thailand the mutation can reach 50 or 70%, and it is higher in the northeast of the country. In Sri Lanka, it can reach up to 40% and affects those of Sinhalese and Vedda descent.
Therefore, most transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients can be diagnosed within the first few years of life, which severe anemia, differed growth, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly can be observed. Parameters for confirmation includes baseline hemoglobin level <7g/dL, enlargement of liver and spleen (>5 cm) and height in the first 10th percentile.
The data/colour given for the following former countries were assigned as follows: "Serbia and Montenegro": Serbia, Montenegro; The following groupings/assumptions were made: France includes the overseas departments as well as overseas collectivities. The United Kingdom includes the Crown dependencies as well as the overseas territories.
Patient may present with symptomatic anemia or with sickle crises. In the United States and other countries with new-born screening programs, the disease may be identified in neonates. [4] Diagnostic tests include DNA sequencing, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and high-performance liquid chromatography. [5]
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