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  2. Parking brake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Parking_Brake

    In manual transmission vehicles, the parking brake is engaged to help keep the vehicle stationary while parked, especially if parked on an incline. [2] [3]While automatic transmission vehicles have a "Park" gear with a parking pawl that immobilizes the transmission, it is still recommended to use the parking brake, as the pawl in the gearbox could fail due to stress or another vehicle striking ...

  3. Power steering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering

    Power steering is a system for reducing a driver's effort to turn a steering wheel of a motor vehicle, by using a power source to assist steering. [1]Hydraulic or electric actuators add controlled energy to the steering mechanism, so the driver can provide less effort to turn the steered wheels when driving at typical speeds, and considerably reduce the physical effort necessary to turn the ...

  4. Electronic stability control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control

    When ESC detects loss of steering control, it automatically applies the brakes to help steer the vehicle where the driver intends to go. Braking is automatically applied to wheels individually, such as the outer front wheel to counter oversteer, or the inner rear wheel to counter understeer. Some ESC systems also reduce engine power until ...

  5. Tank steering systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_steering_systems

    This makes the tank slow down, even if the brake is not applied. If the tank is climbing, or in soft terrain, forward motion may stop entirely. Another disadvantage is that the brakes constantly dissipate vast amounts of heat when steering, which is very power-inefficient. The brakes suitable to steer a large vehicle are also impracticably ...

  6. Car controls - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_controls

    In 1898, steering wheels became a standard feature of Panhard et Levassor cars. They were introduced in the U.S. by Packard in 1899, and by 1908 were on most models. [1] Power steering helps drivers steer by augmenting the driver's steering effort. Power steering has used hydraulics to reduce a driver's steering effort

  7. Torque steer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_steer

    Power assisted steering (set on most modern cars) make the torque steer effect less noticeable to the driver. Steer-by-wire [ 6 ] also hides the effect of torque steer from the driver. EPAS can be calibrated to directly suppress the torque effect at the handwheel, and the steer effect on the vehicle.

  8. Drive by wire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire

    A vehicle equipped with a steer-by-wire system is able to steer some or all of its wheels without a steering column connected to the wheel axles. It is different from electric power steering or power-assist, as those systems still rely on the steering column to mechanically transfer some steering torque to the wheels. [15]

  9. Sudden unintended acceleration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden_unintended_acceleration

    Pumping the brakes" is strongly discouraged during an unintended acceleration event, as this can lead to a loss of braking power. [74] It is also strongly recommended not to shut off the engine, which disables all control including the steering wheel. [75] Unresponsive (entrapped) pedals can be avoided by using car mat clips. [76]