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The counties of California are local arms of the State of California, described by the Supreme Court of California as agents ("the county is merely a political subdivision of state government, exercising only the powers of the state, granted by the state…'") and the property they hold is held on behalf of all the people of the state.
California Courts of Appeal (6 appellate districts) [2] Superior Courts of California (58 courts, one for each county) [3] State quasi-administrative courts of California. State Bar Court of California; [4] an administrative court within the judicial branch, subordinate to the California Supreme Court; Federal courts located in California
The California Constitution originally made the Supreme Court the only appellate court for the whole state. As the state's population skyrocketed during the 19th century, the Supreme Court was expanded from three to seven justices, and then the Court began hearing the majority of appeals in three-justice panels.
Fourteen counties [9] are "charter" counties while the rest are "general law" counties. [10] Other than San Francisco, which is a consolidated city-county , California's counties are governed by an elected five-member Board of Supervisors , who appoint executive officers to manage the various functions of the county. [ 10 ] (
The California Commission on Judicial Performance is responsible for investigating complaints of judicial misconduct, judicial incapacity, and disciplining state judges, and is composed of 11 members, each appointed four-year terms: 3 judges appointed by the California Supreme Court, 4 members appointed by the governor (2 attorneys and 2 non ...
Another quirk is that because the superior courts are now fully unified with all courts of inferior jurisdiction, the superior courts must hear relatively minor cases that previously would have been heard in such inferior courts, such as infractions, misdemeanors, "limited civil" actions (actions where the amount in controversy is below $35,000), and "small claims" actions.
A movement in a myriad of rural counties across deep blue states such as Illinois and California to split off and form new states appears to be gaining some steam in the wake of the Nov. 5 election.
The following is a list of the 3,143 counties and county-equivalents in the 50 states and District of Columbia sorted by U.S. state, plus an additional 100 county-equivalents in the U.S. territories sorted by territory.