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In economics and game theory, the decisions of two or more players are called strategic complements if they mutually reinforce one another, and they are called strategic substitutes if they mutually offset one another. These terms were originally coined by Bulow, Geanakoplos, and Klemperer (1985). [1]
In economics, a complementary good is a good whose appeal increases with the popularity of its complement. [ further explanation needed ] Technically, it displays a negative cross elasticity of demand and that demand for it increases when the price of another good decreases. [ 1 ]
The concept of institutional complementarity has deep roots in the social sciences. [2] Whereas the sociological approach of the interdependence of different institutions has left the actions of the individuals largely outside the analysis, the modern approach, developed mainly by economists, has been based on the analysis of the constraints facing the actions of the individuals acting in ...
The theory was originally proposed in the nineteenth century by Antoine Augustin Cournot. [1] This can be seen in private toll roads where more than one operator controls a different section of the road. The solution is for one agent to purchase all sections of the road. Complementary goods are a less extreme form of this effect. In this case ...
However, the balanced growth theory involves the creation of a brand new, self-sufficient modern industrial economy being laid over a stagnant, self-sufficient traditional economy. Thus, there is no transformation. [12] In reality, a dual economy will come into existence, where two separate economic sectors will begin to coexist in one country ...
An economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned. [48] business cycle. Also called the economic cycle or trade cycle. The downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. [49] The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction ...
Lange, O (1936). "On the Economic Theory of Socialism I". The Review of Economic Studies. 4 (1): 53– 71. doi:10.2307/2967660. JSTOR 2967660. Lange, O 1937 On the Economic Theory of Socialism II The Review of Economic Studies V4 N 123-142; Lange, O 1938 On the Economic Theory of Socialism B Lippincott ed. University of Minnesota Press
Some Marxist economists criticized Keynesian economics. [113] For example, in his 1946 appraisal [114] Paul Sweezy—while admitting that there was much in the General Theory's analysis of effective demand that Marxists could draw on—described Keynes as a prisoner of his neoclassical upbringing. Sweezy argued that Keynes had never been able ...