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The IV and oral forms of steroids have been found to be equivalent. [20] Antibiotics are often used but will only help if the exacerbation is due to an infection. [21] Antibiotics are indicated when a patient notes increased sputum production, [6] purulent sputum, [6] increased dyspnea, [6] has an elevated white count, or is febrile.
Budesonide, sold under the brand name Pulmicort, among others, is a steroid medication. [8] It is available as an inhaler , nebulization solution , pill , nasal spray , and rectal forms . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The post bronchodilator test (Post BD), also commonly referred to as a reversibility test, is a test that utilizes spirometry to assess possible reversibility of bronchoconstriction in diseases such as asthma.
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.Two main classes of corticosteroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism ...
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping has emerged as a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine which separates the clinical presentations of asthma, or asthma phenotypes, from their underlying causes, or asthma endotypes. The best-supported endotypic distinction is the type 2-high/type 2-low distinction.
Overuse of β 2 agonists and asthma treatment without proper inhaled corticosteroid use has been associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and asthma-related hospitalizations. [8] The excipients, in particular sulfite , could contribute to the adverse effects.
Long-term exposure to glucocorticoid medications, such as asthma and anti-inflammatory medication, has been shown to create deficits in memory and attention both during and, to a lesser extent, after treatment, [14] [15] a condition known as "steroid dementia". [16]
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also called NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) or historically aspirin-induced asthma and Samter's Triad, is a long-term disease defined by three simultaneous symptoms: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and intolerance of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).