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Bacteria, (e.g., large Selenomonads from the human mouth), in 1683 [52] [note 6] [53] [note 7] It seems he used horseradish to find out what causes irritation on the tongue. [54] He used the effect of vinegar. Leeuwenhoek diligently began to search for his animalcules. [50] He found them everywhere: in rotten water, in ditches, on his own teeth.
The word bacteria is the plural of the Neo-Latin bacterium, which is the romanisation of the Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion), [6] the diminutive of βακτηρία (baktēría), meaning "staff, cane", [7] because the first ones to be discovered were rod-shaped. [8] [9]
Barry Marshall, together with Robin Warren, discovered spiral bacteria in the stomachs of almost all patients with active chronic gastritis, or duodenal or gastric ulcers, and proposed that the bacteria were an important factor in the aetiology of these diseases.
He soon found that the river Ganges was the source of cholera. He performed autopsies of almost 100 bodies, and found in each bacterial infection. He identified the same bacteria from water tanks, linking the source of the infection. [13] He isolated the bacterium in pure culture on 7 January 1884.
Discovered the first known forms of chemoautotrophy, in particular lithotrophy and chemosynthesis. Invented the Winogradsky column technique for the study of sediment microbes. Pioneered the study of biogeochemical cycles, particularly the nitrogen cycle and the contribution of nitrifying bacteria. 1854–1917 Emil Adolf von Behring: German
A representation by Robert Seymour of the cholera epidemic depicts the spread of the disease in the form of poisonous air.. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century; it is no longer accepted as a correct explanation for disease by the scientific community.
Louis Pasteur ForMemRS (/ ˈ l uː i p æ ˈ s t ɜːr /, French: [lwi pastœʁ] ⓘ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.
Klebs notes the presence of bacteria-like organisms in the lumen of the gastric glands. [4] 1889 Walery Jaworski describes spiral organisms in sediment washings of humans. He suggests these organisms might be involved with gastric disease. [1] 1892 Giulio Bizzozero observes spiral organisms in the stomach of dogs. [5] [6] Spirochete bacteria 1896