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Buffers and chain couplers (or couplings) – also known as "buffers and screw", "screw", and "screwlink" – are the de facto International Union of Railways (UIC) standard railway coupling used in the EU and UK, and on some railways in other parts of the world, such as in South America and India, on older rolling stock.
A pneumatic buffer with sections cut away. A buffer is a part of the buffers and chain coupler system used on the railway systems of many countries, among them most of those in Europe, for attaching railway vehicles together (in North America, rolling stock instead has draft gear built into the couplers).
The basic type of coupling on railways following the British tradition is the buffer and chain coupling. A large chain of three links connects hooks on the adjoining wagons. These couplings followed earlier tramway practice but were made more regular. Buffers on the frame of the wagon absorbed impact loads, as the train overran a slowing ...
Buffers and chain coupler from 1859 to 1873. [22]Johnston link-and-pin from 1873 to 1927 on Cape gauge, from 1906 on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge in Natal. [23] [24]Bell-and-hook from 1902 on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge in the Cape of Good Hope.
The diagram from Beard's 1897 coupler patent [1]. Janney couplers were first patented in 1873 by Eli H. Janney (U.S. patent 138,405). [2] [3] Andrew Jackson Beard was amongst various inventors that made a multitude of improvements to the knuckle coupler; [1] Beard's patents were U.S. patent 594,059 granted 23 November 1897, which then sold for approximately $50,000, and U.S. patent 624,901 ...
Buffer beam / headstock (painted red) fitted with buffers and chain coupler and air hoses on the front end of a German steam locomotive. A headstock of a rail vehicle is a transverse structural member located at the extreme end of the vehicle's underframe.
The European network has traditionally been formed of many independent national railway networks with buffer and chain used near universally to allow the interchange of rolling stock. The European Union Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSIs) for high-speed passenger rolling stock mandate the use of Scharfenberg Type 10 -compatible ...
Railway electrification – 25 kV AC the world standard for new long distance and heavy duty construction since the 1950s. Couplings – buffers and chains, Alliance, or SA3. Some dual couplings and adapters [9] or barrier vehicles are possible. Brakes – air, with or without electronically controlled pneumatic brakes (ECP).