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Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs. It is typically defined as an area of hazy opacification (x-ray) or increased attenuation (CT) due to air displacement by fluid, airway collapse, fibrosis , or a neoplastic process . [ 1 ]
Acute presentation may reveal poorly defined a micro-nodular interstitial pattern and ground-glass opacities in the lower and mid lung zones. In addition to this, subacute presentations may show reticular nodular opacities in mid-to-lower lung zones. [1] Chronic forms may show fibrotic changes and appear like Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [3]
PAM may be confined to certain areas or show diffuse distribution through the lungs. [8] Lung biopsy and autopsy specimens demonstrate characteristic intra-alveolar lamellar microliths. [8] [17] Calcium deposits in the alveoli begin in the lower lobes and spread over a period of years throughout the lungs. [5]
Bird fancier's lung (BFL), also known as bird breeder's lung, is a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It can cause shortness of breath , fever , dry cough , chest pain , anorexia and weight loss , fatigue , and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (the most serious complication).
X-ray and CT of ground glass opacities and pneumothorax in pneumocystis pneumonia. [7] Pneumothorax is a well-known complication of PCP. [8] Also, a condition similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur in patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia, and such individuals may require intubation. [9]
The treatment of choice in any patient with BAC is complete surgical resection, typically via lobectomy or pneumonectomy, with concurrent ipsilateral lymphadenectomy. [ 16 ] Non-mucinous BAC are highly associated with classical EGFR mutations, and thus are often responsive to targeted chemotherapy with erlotinib and gefitinib.
The diagnosis is made by the clinical picture and the chest X-ray, which demonstrates decreased lung volumes (bell-shaped chest), absence of the thymus (after about six hours), a small (0.5–1 mm), discrete, uniform infiltrate (sometimes described as a "ground glass" appearance or "diffuse airspace and interstitial opacities") that involves ...
The most important factor for treating DAD or ARDS is to treat the underlying cause of the injury to the lungs, [9] for example pneumonia or sepsis. These patients will have problems with oxygenation, meaning they will likely need a breathing tube , medications to keep them comfortable (sedative, paralytic, and/or analgesic), and a mechanical ...