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Safe mode is a diagnostic mode of a computer operating system (OS). ... is a user ID number such as 501, and disables all startup items and any Login Items).
In Safe Mode, the computer starts by using normal kernels, even if the /PAE switch is specified. [ 7 ] /PCILOCK – For x86 -based systems, this stops the operating system from dynamically assigning hardware input, hardware output, and interrupt request resources to PCI devices.
Once all the boot and system drivers have been loaded, the kernel starts the session manager (smss.exe), which begins the login process. After the user has successfully logged into the machine, winlogon applies User and Computer Group Policy setting and runs startup programs declared in the Windows Registry and in "Startup" folders. [5]
If, due to a hardware fault or program error, the computer fails to restart the watchdog, the timer will elapse and generate a timeout signal. The timeout signal is used to initiate corrective actions. The corrective actions typically include placing the computer and associated hardware in a safe state and invoking a computer reboot.
Upon starting, an IBM-compatible personal computer's x86 CPU, executes in real mode, the instruction located at reset vector (the physical memory address FFFF0h on 16-bit x86 processors [62] and FFFFFFF0h on 32-bit and 64-bit x86 processors [63] [64]), usually pointing to the firmware (UEFI or BIOS) entry point inside the ROM. This memory ...
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Starting with version 6, [1] MS-DOS included the external program MemMaker which was used to free system memory (especially Conventional memory) by automatically reconfiguring the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files. This was usually done by moving TSR programs and device drivers to the upper memory. The whole process required two system restarts.
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