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US military standard MIL-STD-662F V50 Ballistic Test define a commonly used procedure for this measurement. The goal is to get three shots that penetrate that are slower than a second faster group of three shots that are stopped by the armor. These three high stops and three low penetrations can then be used to calculate a v 50 velocity.
A traditional hollow point boat tail very-low-drag rifle bullet. The jackets of these bullets are generally made out of a copper alloy (such as gilding metal or cupronickel ) A very-low-drag bullet (VLD) is primarily a small arms ballistics development of the 1980s–1990s, driven by the design objective of bullets with higher degrees of ...
Excellence in Armor award coin (top=obverse, bottom=reverse) Excellence in Armor (EIA) is a program of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command that awards outstanding Armor and Cavalry Soldiers whose performance is routinely above the standard and demonstrate superior leadership potential. The EIA was initially proposed in May 1984 ...
For short-range target shooting, typically on ranges up to 50 meters, or 55 yards, with low-powered ammunition like .22 long rifle, aerodynamics is relatively unimportant, and velocities are low compared to velocities attained by full-powered ammunition.
Its maximum effective range is 3,000 m (3,300 yd). According to Jane's, the M829 is capable of penetrating 540 mm (21 in) of RHA steel armor at up to a 2,000 m (2,200 yd) range. [3] The original M829 is no longer in production and has been succeeded by the M829A1, M829A2, and M829A3. The corresponding training round is the M865, costing $1,121. [2]
A variety of armor-piercing incendiary (API), high-explosive incendiary (HEI), and training rounds are available. A new PGU-28/B round was developed in the mid-1980s. It is a semi-armor-piercing high-explosive incendiary (SAPHEI) round, providing improvements in range, accuracy, and power over the preceding M56A3 HEI round. [18]
The spin from standard rifling decreases the performance of these rounds (rifling adds friction and converts some of the linear kinetic energy to rotational kinetic energy, thus decreasing the round's velocity, range and impact energy). A very high rotation on a fin-stabilized projectile can also increase aerodynamic drag, further reducing ...
The typical Brinell Hardness range of MIL-A 12560 is 302-400 [2] The MIL-12560K standard actually specifies four classes of hardnesses. The softest class I rates as 260-310. The toughest Class 4 rates as 420-470. [3] (K is the revision number of the standard.) MIL-DTL-46177 is an older, now-replaced standard for a high hardness steel RHA. [4]