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o-Toluidine (ortho-toluidine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 NH 2. It is the most important of the three isomeric toluidines . It is a colorless liquid although commercial samples are often yellowish.
These isomers are o-toluidine, m-toluidine, and p-toluidine, with the prefixed letter abbreviating, respectively, ortho; meta; and para. All three are aryl amines whose chemical structures are similar to aniline except that a methyl group is substituted onto the benzene ring.
2-Tolidine (orthotolidine, o-tolidine; not to be confused with o-toluidine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (C 6 H 4 (CH 3)NH 2) 2. Several isomers are known; the 3-tolidine derivative is also important commercially. It is a colorless compound although commercial samples are often colored. It is slightly soluble in water.
This synthesis employs a condensation reaction of organolithium reagents derived from 2-alkyl-N-trimethylsilyl anilines by esters or carboxylic acids to yield substituted indoles. [6] This synthesis has proven applicable to a wide variety of substituted anilines, including those with alkyl , methoxy , and halide groups, and can react with non ...
It undergoes the reactions typical for nitrobenzene derivatives, e.g. hydrogenation gives p-toluidine. Oxidation of the methyl substituent of 4-nitrotoluene has been extensively investigated. Depending on the conditions, oxidation yields 4-nitrobenzaldehyde diacetate, [6] 4-nitrobenzenoic acid, [7] and 4,4'-dinitrobibenzyl. [8]
This reaction affords a 2:1 mixture of 2-nitro and 4-nitro isomers. [4] Chlorination of 2-nitrotoluene gives two isomers of the chloronitrotoluenes. Similarly nitration gives two isomers of dinitrotoluene. 2-Nitrotoluene is mainly consumed in the production of o-toluidine, a precursor to dyes. [4]
It is made by nitrating toluene by conventional mixed acid (acetyl nitrate doesn't produce it [4]): this reaction mainly affords a 2:1 mixture of 2-nitro and 4-nitro isomers, but after removal of the 2-isomer, the 3-nitrotoluene can be purified by distillation. It is a precursor to toluidine, which is used in producing azo dyes. [3]
For example, the industrial production of chloroethane proceeds by the reaction of ethylene with HCl: [citation needed] H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O.