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Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC or AAAD), also known as DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), tryptophan decarboxylase, and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, is a lyase enzyme (EC 4.1.1.28), located in region 7p12.2-p12.1.
Dopamine is formed by the decarboxylation of l-DOPA by aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). l -DOPA can be directly metabolized by catechol- O -methyl transferase to 3- O -methyldopa , and then further to vanillactic acid .
It is used to inhibit the decarboxylation of L-DOPA to dopamine outside the brain, i.e. in the blood. This is primarily co-administered with L -DOPA to combat Parkinson's disease . Administration can prevent common side-effects, such as nausea and vomiting, as a result of interaction with D 2 receptors in the vomiting center (or cheomoreceptor ...
Once levodopa has entered the central nervous system, it is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), also known as DOPA decarboxylase (DDC). Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B 6) is a required cofactor in this reaction, and may occasionally be administered along with levodopa, usually in the form of pyridoxine.
Carbidopa is most commonly used as a method to inhibit the activity of DOPA decarboxylase. This is an enzyme that breaks down L-DOPA in the periphery and converts it to dopamine. This results in the newly formed dopamine being unable to cross the blood–brain barrier and the effectiveness of L-DOPA treatments is greatly decreased. Carbidopa ...
In molecular biology, group II pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylases are a family of enzymes including aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (L-dopa decarboxylase or tryptophan decarboxylase) EC 4.1.1.28 that catalyse the decarboxylation of tryptophan to tryptamine, tyrosine decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.25 that converts tyrosine into tyramine and histidine decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.22 that catalyses the ...
Merck had already synthesized and patented carbidopa, another dopa decarboxylase inhibitor in 1962, and in 1971 Lotti showed that the use of the L-form of carbidopa, further reduced the therapeutic dose of L-DOPA. The combination of L-carbidopa and L-DOPA was marketed under the brand name of Sinemet. [22]
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases ... L-DOPA to dopamine; Other decarboxylation reactions from the citric acid cycle ...