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Xanthoma tendinosum (also tendon xanthoma or tendinous xanthoma [5]) is clinically characterized by papules and nodules found in the tendons of the hands, feet, and heel. [ 2 ] : 531 Also associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
The tendon spreads out somewhat at its lower end so that its narrowest part is about 4 cm (1.6 in) above its insertion. [11] The tendon is covered by the fascia and skin, and stands out prominently behind the bone; the gap is filled up with areolar and adipose tissue. A bursa lies between the tendon and the upper part of the calcaneus. It is ...
Xanthomas, typically developing in the second or third decade of life, can originate on various tendons. The CYP27A1 gene, responsible for bile acid production, is mutated, reducing chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid , leading to increased synthesis of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one , precursor to cholestanol .
Xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes Xanthoma variant Associated subtype(s) Xanthoma striatum palmare: III Plane xanthoma: II Plane xanthoma specifically of the antecubital fossa and web spaces of the fingers: IIb Eruptive xanthoma: I, IV, V Tendinous xanthoma: II Xanthelasma: II, III Tuberous xanthoma: II, III
Xanthomas may appear at any age, even in childhood. These may be present as subcutaneous xanthomas on the buttocks in children or in characteristic locations (e.g., Achilles tendon, extensor tendons of the hand) in children and adults. Xanthelasma and corneal arcus are less common.
The earliest sign of a contracture is a triangular "puckering" of the skin of the palm as it passes over the flexor tendon just before the flexor crease of the finger, at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. [citation needed] Late stage Dupuytren's contracture upon the left hand affecting the little finger and the ring finger but not the index ...
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Xanthelasma in the form of XP can be diagnosed from clinical impression, although in some cases it may need to be distinguished (differential diagnosis) from other conditions, especially necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, syringoma, palpebral sarcoidosis, sebaceous hyperplasia, Erdheim–Chester disease, lipoid proteinosis (Urbach–Wiethe disease), and the syndrome of adult-onset asthma and ...