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The ejection of the outer mass and the creation of a planetary nebula finally ends the red-giant phase of the star's evolution. [10] The red-giant phase typically lasts only around a billion years in total for a solar mass star, almost all of which is spent on the red-giant branch.
Within any giant luminosity class, the cooler stars of spectral class K, M, S, and C, (and sometimes some G-type stars [13]) are called red giants. Red giants include stars in a number of distinct evolutionary phases of their lives: a main red-giant branch (RGB); a red horizontal branch or red clump; the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), although ...
Mira was historically thought to be a red supergiant star, but is now widely accepted to be an asymptotic giant branch star. [32] Some red supergiants are larger and more luminous, with radii exceeding over a thousand times that of the Sun. These are hence also referred to as red hypergiants: Mu Cephei; VV Cephei A; NML Cygni; S Persei; UY Scuti
W Canis Majoris is a type of red giant known as a carbon star—a semiregular variable, it ranges between magnitudes 6.27 and 7.09 over a period of 160 days. [67] A cool star, it has a surface temperature of around 2,900 K and a radius 234 times that of the Sun, its distance estimated at 1,444–1,450 light-years from Earth. [68]
This is the nearest red giant to the Earth, and the fourth brightest star in the night sky. Pollux (β Geminorum) 9.06 ± 0.03 [95] AD The nearest giant star to the Earth. Spica (α Virginis A) 7.47 ± 0.54 [101] One of the nearest supernova candidates and the sixteenth-brightest star in the night sky. Regulus (α Leonis A) 4.16 × 3.14 [102]
The images show the surface of the star R. Doradus, a red giant star 180 light-years away in the Dorado constellation. The star has a diameter about 350 times that of the sun, and it serves as a ...
This red giant star will, one day, explode as a supernova. Betelgeuse is one of the best-known stars in the night sky, as well as the easiest to find. New examinations of this behemoth star ...
R Cassiopeiae is a variable star in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. It is located approximately 570 light years distant from the Sun, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −23 km/s. [5] This is a pulsating Mira-type variable star with a brightness that varies from magnitude +4.4 down to +13.5 over a period of 433.6 days. [3]