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In electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an electrical insulator that can be polarised by an applied electric field.When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material as they do in an electrical conductor, because they have no loosely bound, or free, electrons that may drift through the material, but instead they ...
Electrical breakdown in an electric discharge showing the ribbon-like plasma filaments from a Tesla coil.. In electronics, electrical breakdown or dielectric breakdown is a process that occurs when an electrically insulating material (a dielectric), subjected to a high enough voltage, suddenly becomes a conductor and current flows through it.
Because the dielectric relaxation time increases exponentially on cooling, the polarization caused by their alignment with the field gets "frozen-in". So when the field is removed and the material begins to warm the dipoles begin to "thaw" whereby losing their net alignment and thus the material become depolarized.
Dielectric films tend to exhibit greater dielectric strength than thicker samples of the same material. For instance, the dielectric strength of silicon dioxide films of thickness around 1 μm is about 0.5 GV/m. [3] However very thin layers (below, say, 100 nm) become partially conductive because of electron tunneling.
self-healing metallized dielectric capacitor A capacitor, the electrodes of which are deposited on the dielectric (usually by evaporation); in the event of breakdown of the dielectric, the capacitor restores itself. semiconductor converter An power converter with semiconductor valve devices. [ab] semiconductor switch
The polar molecules of the dielectric align themselves to the direction of the electric field, producing a dipole electret with a quazi permanent polarization. Modern electrets are sometimes made by embedding excess charges into a highly insulating dielectric, e.g. using an electron beam , corona discharge , injection from an electron gun ...
A dielectric material that permanently retains an impressed electric field; the dual to a magnet. electric arc Discharge of electric current through an open space between conductors; may be produced intentionally as a source of intense light and heat, or may be a result of an electrical fault.
The key steps of the STI process involve etching a pattern of trenches in the silicon, depositing one or more dielectric materials (such as silicon dioxide) to fill the trenches, and removing the excess dielectric using a technique such as chemical-mechanical planarization. [2]