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Taking star polymers as an example, RAFT differs from other forms of living radical polymerization techniques in that either the R- or Z-group may form the core of the star (See Figure 10). While utilizing the R-group as the core results in similar structures found using ATRP or NMP, the ability to use the Z-group as the core makes RAFT unique.
A (Z)-group is a group faithfully represented as a doubly transitive permutation group in which no non-identity element fixes more than two points. A (ZT)-group is a (Z)-group that is of odd degree and not a Frobenius group , that is a Zassenhaus group of odd degree, also known as one of the groups PSL(2,2 k +1 ) or Sz(2 2 k +1 ) , for k any ...
A specific example of a M-Z bond wherein other L-ligands are present in the complex [7] Both uncharged transition metal complexes and anionic complexes lead to the required adducts with acidic boranes. On the right is a typical reaction of a Z-ligand where the electron deficit BPh 3 adds to the anionic Fe complex.
An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
Each group is named by Small Groups library as G o i, where o is the order of the group, and i is the index used to label the group within that order.. Common group names: Z n: the cyclic group of order n (the notation C n is also used; it is isomorphic to the additive group of Z/nZ)
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
Crossover experiments allow for experimental study of a reaction mechanism. Mechanistic studies are of interest to theoretical and experimental chemists for a variety of reasons including prediction of stereochemical outcomes, optimization of reaction conditions for rate and selectivity, and design of improved catalysts for better turnover number, robustness, etc. [6] [7] Since a mechanism ...
The protecting group is abbreviated Cbz or Z (in honor of discoverer Zervas), hence the alternative shorthand designation for benzyl chloroformate as Cbz-Cl or Z-Cl. Benzyloxycarbonyl is a key protecting group for amines , suppressing the nucleophilic and basic properties of the N lone pair .