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Differential item functioning (DIF) is a statistical property of a test item that indicates how likely it is for individuals from distinct groups, possessing similar abilities, to respond differently to the item.
Because it treats various basic concepts of communication, some scholars also refer to it as "Lasswell's definition" and some dictionaries even make reference to Lasswell in their definitions of communication. [2] Zachary Sapienza et al. hold that there are many different conceptions of Lasswell's model, given both by himself and by other ...
Dunbar's number has become of interest in anthropology, evolutionary psychology, [12] statistics, and business management.For example, developers of social software are interested in it, as they need to know the size of social networks their software needs to take into account; and in the modern military, operational psychologists seek such data to support or refute policies related to ...
The nonuniform discrete Fourier transform of type I (NUDFT-I) uses uniform sample points = / but nonuniform (i.e. non-integer) frequencies . This corresponds to evaluating a generalized Fourier series at equispaced points. It is also known as NDFT [5] or forward NDFT [6] [7]
Example Boolean circuit. The ∧ {\displaystyle \wedge } nodes are AND gates , the ∨ {\displaystyle \vee } nodes are OR gates , and the ¬ {\displaystyle \neg } nodes are NOT gates In theoretical computer science , circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size ...
In pragmatics, scalar implicature, or quantity implicature, [1] is an implicature that attributes an implicit meaning beyond the explicit or literal meaning of an utterance, and which suggests that the utterer had a reason for not using a more informative or stronger term on the same scale. The choice of the weaker characterization suggests ...
The four-sides model (also known as communication square or four-ears model) is a communication model postulated in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. According to this model every message has four facets though not the same emphasis might be put on each.
The basic premise of the Contact Hypothesis (also called Intergroup Contact Theory) formulated by Gordon Allport is that prejudice often stems from ignorance and stereotyping, and interpersonal contact under appropriate circumstances can break down such stereotypes and reduce prejudice. [3]