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A 3D selfie in 1:20 scale printed by Shapeways using gypsum-based printing, created by Madurodam miniature park from 2D pictures taken at its Fantasitron photo booth. In the original implementations, starch and gypsum plaster fill the powder bed, the liquid "binder" being mostly water to activate the plaster.
Computer-aided design (CAD) model used for 3D printing. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting. 3D scanning is a process of collecting digital data on the shape and appearance of a real object, creating a digital model based on it.
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. [1] [2] [3] It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, [4] with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer.
Research on the health and safety hazards of 3D printing is new and in development due to the recent proliferation of 3D printing devices. In 2017, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work has published a discussion paper on the processes and materials involved in 3D printing, potential implications of this technology for occupational safety and health and avenues for controlling ...
Control during the flame treatment is critical. Too much of the treatment will degrade the plastic, which will lead to poor adhesion. Too little of a treatment will not modify the surface enough and will also lead to poor adhesion. [7] An additional aspect of flame treatment that must be considered is possible deformation to the adherend.
Flame treatment is the application of a gas flame to the surface of a material to improve adhesion. [1] [2] Polyolefins, especially polyethylene and polypropylene bond poorly, because they consist of long non-polar molecules. Without special treatment, adhesives, ink, and other coatings cannot be applied to these materials.
A desktop FFF printer made by Stratasys. Fused deposition modeling was developed by S. Scott Crump, co-founder of Stratasys, in 1988. [6] [7] With the 2009 expiration of the patent on this technology, [8] people could use this type of printing without paying Stratasys for the right to do so, opening up commercial, DIY, and open-source 3D printer applications.
The process starts by slicing the 3D CAD file data into layers, usually from 20 to 100 micrometers thick, creating a 2D cross-section of each layer; this file format is the industry standard .stl file used on most layer-based 3D printing or stereolithography technologies. This file is then loaded into a file preparation software package that ...