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This is a list of unsolved problems in chemistry. Problems in chemistry are considered unsolved when an expert in the field considers it unsolved or when several experts in the field disagree about a solution to a problem.
Half-life (symbol t ½) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable atoms survive.
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
The interaction excites or ionizes the atoms, leading to an energy loss of the traveling particle. The non-relativistic version was found by Hans Bethe in 1930; the relativistic version (shown below) was found by him in 1932. [2] The most probable energy loss differs from the mean energy loss and is described by the Landau-Vavilov distribution. [3]
Common causes in pediatric patients may be diarrheal illness, frequent feedings with dilute formula, water intoxication via excessive consumption, and enemas. [3] Pseudohyponatremia is a false low sodium reading that can be caused by high levels of fats or proteins in the blood.
In electrical engineering, dielectric loss quantifies a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat). [1] It can be parameterized in terms of either the loss angle δ or the corresponding loss tangent tan( δ ) .
Proteins of the erythrocyte membrane separated by SDS-PAGE according to their molecular masses. SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a discontinuous electrophoretic system developed by Ulrich K. Laemmli which is commonly used as a method to separate proteins with molecular masses between 5 and 250 kDa.
If a colored solution is used and the interface stays reasonably sharp, the speed of the moving boundary can be measured and used to determine the ion transference numbers. The cation of the indicator electrolyte should not move faster than the cation whose transport number is to be determined, and it should have same anion as the principle ...