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The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term whipper-in as, "a huntsman's assistant who keeps the hounds from straying by driving them back with the whip into the main body of the pack". According to that dictionary, the first recorded use of the term whipper-in in the parliamentary sense occurs in 1772.
The term party discipline is used in politics in two closely related, yet distinct, meanings. [1] [2] In a broad sense (also known as party cohesion [3]), the discipline is adherence of the party members at large to an agreed system of political norms and rules.
The Chief Whip is a political leader whose task is to enforce the whipping system, which aims to ensure that legislators who are members of a political party attend and vote on legislation as the party leadership prescribes.
Labor elected its whip that day, and the Liberals appointed an additional whip on 2 June 1994, with the new whip responsible for business in the second chamber. [43] That arrangement persists today. Labor and the Liberals each have a chief whip and two whips in the House of Representatives and a chief whip and a two deputy whips in the Senate.
Legal history or the history of law is the study of how law has evolved and why it has changed. Legal history is closely connected to the development of civilizations [ 1 ] and operates in the wider context of social history .
Flagellation (Latin flagellum, 'whip'), flogging or whipping is the act of beating the human body with special implements such as whips, rods, switches, the cat o' nine tails, the sjambok, the knout, etc. Typically, flogging has been imposed on an unwilling subject as a punishment; however, it can also be submitted to willingly and even done by ...
In the Portuguese African colonies, the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo, it was called a chicote, from the Portuguese word for whip, or fimbo and was used to force labour from local people through flogging, sometimes to death. The official tariff for punishment in this case was lowered in time from twenty strokes to eight, then (in 1949 ...
In New Zealand, the concept of a whip was inherited from British parliamentary politics. [2] All political parties that have four or more members in Parliament have at least one party whip. Parties with 25 to 44 members are allowed two whips (one senior and one junior), and parties with 45 or more members are entitled to three whips (one senior ...