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The Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica abolishes Costa Rica's army as a permanent institution, making Costa Rica one of the first countries in the world to do so as the current Constitution was enacted in 1949. [1] Costa Rica is one of the few countries without armed forces and, alongside Panama, one of the few that is not a microstate.
It has a small volunteer army which is purely ceremonial in function. The paramilitary GIPA special forces unit of the national police is trained in counter-terrorism and hostage rescue. [14] [15] Dominica: Dominica has not had a standing army since 1981. The Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force has a special forces unit and coast guard.
On 1 December 1948, the President of Costa Rica, José Figueres Ferrer, abolished the Costa Rican military after his victory in the Costa Rican Civil War. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In a ceremony at the national capital of San José , Figueres symbolically broke a wall with a mallet , symbolizing an end to the military's existence. [ 4 ]
In 1940, after he expressed his concern to President Franklin D. Roosevelt over Nazi influence in Latin America, Nelson Rockefeller, grandson of Standard Oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller and later U.S. Vice President, was appointed to the new position of Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (CIAA) in the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA).
Costa Rica: Historia de Costa Rica. Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. ISBN 978-9977-67-411-7. La Feber, Walter (1993). Inevitable Revolutions The United States in Central America. Norton Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-393-03434-9. Longley, Kyle (1997). The Sparrow and the Hawk: Costa Rica and the United States During the Rise of Jose ...
While Costa Rica's small army of 500 men could not contribute directly to the fighting, Calderón's administration introduced wartime measures against people from Axis nations in the country, including property seizure and internment.
Costa Rica. Nicaragua Costa Ricans exiled. Victory: Filibuster War (1855–1857) Costa Rica Nicaragua Kingdom of Mosquitia Guatemala Honduras El Salvador United States: Filibusters: Victory. William Walker's army is defeated and he is arrested by the American Navy; Barrios' War of Reunification (1885) El Salvador Mexico Costa Rica Nicaragua ...
Since then Costa Rica has been one of the few democracies to operate without a standing army. [17] The nation has held 17 successive presidential elections, all peaceful, the latest being in 2022 . In May 2022, Costa Rica's new president Rodrigo Chaves , right-wing former finance minister, was sworn in for a four-year presidential term.