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Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin ...
Most important among these is a cell nucleus, [2] an organelle that houses the cell's DNA. This nucleus gives the eukaryote its name, which means "true kernel (nucleus)". Some of the other differences are: The plasma membrane resembles that of prokaryotes in function, with minor differences in the setup. Cell walls may or may not be present.
In prolonged acidosis, PEPCK-C is upregulated in renal proximal tubule brush border cells, in order to secrete more NH 3 and thus to produce more HCO 3 −. [26] The GTP-specific activity of PEPCK is highest when Mn 2+ and Mg 2+ are available. [21] In addition, hyper-reactive cysteine (C307) is involved in the binding of Mn 2+ to the active ...
The above processes are part and parcel to tissue integrity and repair. Substance P has been known to stimulate cell growth in normal and cancer cell line cultures, [40] and it was shown that substance P could promote wound healing of non-healing ulcers in humans. [41]
Aminopeptidases are a diverse group of enzymes that play crucial roles in various biological processes, including protein digestion, cell growth, and immune response.They are classified based on their substrate specificity (strength of binding) and catalytic mechanism (means of catalyzing their reaction) into two main categories: metalloaminopeptidases and cysteine aminopeptidases.
Orthologs of the human FOLH1 gene have also been identified in other mammals, including the 7 D3; 7 48.51 cM locus in mice. [16] The FOLH1 gene has multiple potential start sites and splice forms, giving rise to differences in membrane protein structure, localization, and carboxypeptidase activity based on the parent tissue. [6] [17]
Venenivibrio stagnispumantis gains energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas.. In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in ...
Furthermore, the preceding sequence Gln-Gly-Gln-Cys is conserved in both isozymes for both human and horse, which is consistent with Cys-302 being crucial to catalytic function. [2] As discovered by site-directed mutagenesis, glutamate-268 is a key component of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and is also critical to catalytic activity. Since ...