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The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) belongs to the family of glutathione peroxidases, which consists of 8 known mammalian isoenzymes (GPX1–8).GPX4 catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and lipid peroxides at the expense of reduced glutathione and functions in the protection of cells against oxidative stress.
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) has a high preference for lipid hydroperoxides; it is expressed in nearly every mammalian cell, though at much lower levels. Glutathione peroxidase 2 is an intestinal and extracellular enzyme, while glutathione peroxidase 3 is extracellular, especially abundant in plasma. [4]
Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, and Gpx4 have been shown to be selenium-containing enzymes, whereas Gpx6 is a selenoprotein in humans with cysteine-containing homologues in rodents. Amyloid beta, when bound to heme, has been shown to have peroxidase activity. [2] A typical group of peroxidases are the haloperoxidases. This group is able to form reactive ...
This gene encodes a member of the glutathione peroxidase family, consisting of eight known glutathione peroxidases (GPx1-8) in humans. Mammalian Gpx1 (this gene), Gpx2, Gpx3, and Gpx4 have been shown to be selenium-containing enzymes, whereas Gpx6 is a selenoprotein in humans with cysteine-containing homologues in rodents.
GPx4 is the only known enzyme that efficiently reduces lipid-hydroperoxides within biological membranes. [ citation needed ] However, the roles and importance of the various forms of vitamin E are presently unclear, [ 98 ] [ 99 ] and it has even been suggested that the most important function of α-tocopherol is as a signaling molecule , with ...
In enzymology, a phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 glutathione + a lipid hydroperoxide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } glutathione disulfide + lipid + 2 H 2 O
Free radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Lipid peroxidation induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination). Antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating lipid peroxidation by neutralizing free radicals, thereby halting radical chain reactions. Key antioxidants include vitamin C and vitamin E. [8]
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx-3), also known as plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-P) or extracellular glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX3 gene. [5] [6] [7] GPx-3 belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, which functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide.
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