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GFP utilizes a length/HEC-based frame delineation mechanism that is more robust than that used by High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), which is single octet flag-based. There are two types of GFP frames: a GFP client frame and a GFP control frame. A GFP client frame can be further classified as either a client data frame or a client management ...
After traversing SDH paths, the traffic is processed in the reverse fashion: virtual concatenation path processing to recreate the original synchronous byte stream, followed by decapsulation to converting the synchronous data stream to an asynchronous stream of Ethernet frames. The SDH paths may be VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 or VC-11 paths.
Other recent SONET/SDH enhancements include Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS), and the Generic Framing Procedure (GFP). In conjunction with LCAS and GFP, Virtual Concatenation gives the advantage of splitting the required bandwidth equally among a set number of sub paths called Virtual Tributaries (VT).
Ethernet over PDH over SONET/SDH (EoPoS) is one of many techniques that provided Ethernet connectivity over non-Ethernet networks. EoPoS is a standardized method for transporting native Ethernet frames over the existing telecommunications optical infrastructure use both the established Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) transport technologies.
It takes only a few seconds to convert a PDF to an SVG, using nothing but free software. Go open source and free software! This tutorial assumes familiarity with installing programs and downloading, saving, opening and uploading files. This is a tutorial in various formats. Some parts are in question-and-answer format, as in FAQs.
A vector graphic editor is a computer program that enables its users to create, compose and edit images with the use of mathematical and geometrical commands rather than individual pixels. This software is used in creating high-definition vector graphic images that can be scaled indefinitely without losing their quality.
AV1 Image File Format Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) AV1.avif image/avif General purpose royalty-free BAY: Casio RAW Casio.bay BMP: raw-data unencoded or encoded bitmap simple colour image format, far older than Microsoft; some .bmp encoding formats developed/owned by Microsoft.bmp, .dib, .rle,.2bp (2bpp) image/x-bmp Used by many 2D ...
ImageReady, in turn, has an "Edit in Photoshop" button. ImageReady has strong resemblances to Photoshop; it can even use the same set of Photoshop filters. One set of tools that does not resemble the Photoshop tools, however, is the Image Map set of tools, indicated by a shape or arrow with a hand that varied depending upon the version. This ...