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Metals can undergo two different types of fractures: brittle fracture or ductile fracture. Failure propagation occurs faster in brittle materials due to the ability for ductile materials to undergo plastic deformation. Thus, ductile materials are able to sustain more stress due to their ability to absorb more energy prior to failure than ...
Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Embrittlement is used to describe any phenomena where the environment compromises a stressed material's mechanical performance, such as temperature or environmental composition. This is oftentimes undesirable as brittle fracture occurs quicker and can much more easily propagate than ductile fracture, leading to complete failure of the equipment.
Formability is the ability of a given metal workpiece to undergo plastic deformation without being damaged. The plastic deformation capacity of metallic materials, however, is limited to a certain extent, at which point, the material could experience tearing or fracture (breakage).
Fractography is the study of the fracture surfaces of materials. Fractographic methods are routinely used to determine the cause of failure in engineering structures, especially in product failure and the practice of forensic engineering or failure analysis.
Brittle fracture: Sudden steep decline in latency, throughput: Sudden steep decline in performance: There is no reduction of area when material breaks Ductile fracture: Graceful degradation in latency, throughput: Graceful degradation in performance: The area at the point of fracture gradually reduces to zero Brittleness* Hardness over ductility
Ductile crack propagation is also influenced by stress triaxiality, with lower values producing steeper crack resistance curves. [7] Several failure models such as the Johnson-Cook (J-C) fracture criterion (often used for high strain rate behavior), [ 8 ] Rice-Tracey model , and J-Q large scale yielding model incorporate stress triaxiality.
The critical load and strain gauge measurements at the load are noted and a graph is plotted. The crack tip opening can be calculated from the length of the crack and opening at the mouth of the notch. According to the material used, the fracture can be brittle or ductile which can be concluded from the graph.