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A bulla (or clay envelope) and its contents on display at the Louvre. Uruk period (4000–3100 BC).. A bulla (Medieval Latin for "a round seal", from Classical Latin bulla, "bubble, blob"; plural bullae) is an inscribed clay, soft metal (lead or tin), bitumen, or wax token used in commercial and legal documentation as a form of authentication and for tamper-proofing whatever is attached to it ...
Before the age of manhood, Roman boys wore a bulla, a neckchain and round pouch containing protective amulets (usually phallic symbols), and the bulla of an upper-class boy would be made of gold. [1] Other materials included leather and cloth. A freeborn Roman boy wore a bulla until he came of age as a Roman citizen. Before he put on his toga ...
Lead bulla (obverse and reverse) of Gregory IX, pope 1227 to 1241. The most distinctive characteristic of a bull was the metal seal , which was usually made of lead, but on very solemn occasions was made of gold, as those on Byzantine imperial instruments often were (see Golden Bull).
Manufacture and materials. Moorey, R. 1994. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries, esp. pp. 74–77 (on materials for seals) and pp. 103–106 (on seal cutting) Collon, D. 2005. First Impressions, Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East. (2nd revised edition), pp. 100–104. Frahm, Ellery, Agnete W. Lassen, and Klaus Wagensonner.
This is an incomplete list of papal bulls, listed by the year in which each was issued. The decrees of some papal bulls were often tied to the circumstances of time and place, and may have been adjusted, attenuated, or abrogated by subsequent popes as situations changed.
1970's Logger Thermal Socks. These thick 1970s Logger Thermal Socks have a high wool content for premium warmth and moisture management. The thermal knit design improves insulation while also ...
The seal was discovered in 1904, in an excavation dump. The layers in which it was found were dated to the eighth century BCE. [5] [6] Schumacher sent the original seal to Istanbul, but it was never returned. [7] In 1966 Gottlieb's daughter gave a testimonial that her father told her that the seal was placed in Abdul Hamid II tomb. [8]
The Oofos Ooclogs are made of a closed-cell foam that has exceptionally good shock absorption properties – and is machine washable, for easy care. “They are easy to clean in case of messes.