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As Parkinson's is a heterogeneous condition with multiple etiologies, prognostication can be difficult and prognoses can be highly variable. [221] [223] On average, life expectancy is reduced in those with Parkinson's, with younger age of onset resulting in greater life expectancy decreases. [224]
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Both hypokinetic (bradykinesia and akinesia) as well as hyperkinetic (cogwheel rigidity and tremors at rest) features are displayed by Parkinsonism. [ 3 ]
Kufor–Rakeb syndrome is associated with mutations in the ATP13A2 gene. [8] The inheritance pattern for KRS is autosomal recessive. [9] If a male and female carrier, who each have one mutation in ATP13A2 have a child, there is a 25% chance the child has KRS, a 50% chance the child is a carrier for KRS, and a 25% chance the child does not have KRS.
Multiple system atrophy is estimated to affect approximately 5 per 100,000 people. At autopsy, many patients diagnosed during life with Parkinson's disease are found actually to have MSA, suggesting that the actual incidence of MSA is higher than that estimate. [4]
[4] [5] They may coexist with other pathologies. [6] Additional Parkinson-plus syndromes include Pick's disease and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. [7] The latter is characterized by ataxia and dysarthria, and may occur either as an inherited disorder or as a variant of multiple system atrophy.
The organization notes that the average life expectancy for Parkinson’s disease in 1967 was "a little under 10 years" from the time of diagnosis. Now, that statistic has grown to 14.5 years or ...
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain. [1] [2] The condition leads to symptoms including loss of balance, slowing of movement, difficulty moving the eyes, and cognitive impairment. [1]
Early-onset parkinsonism-intellectual disability syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by intellectual disabilities, psychomotor developmental delays, macrocephaly, and Parkinson's disease which starts before the age of 45 (early onset PD). [1] [2] [3] Additional symptoms include epilepsy, strabismus, and frontal ...