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The AR is an important therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Thus many different antiandrogens have been developed, primarily targeting the ligand-binding domain of the protein. [ 71 ] AR ligands can either be classified based on their structure ( steroidal or nonsteroidal ) or based on their ability to activate or inhibit transcription ...
In cell biology, there are a multitude of signalling pathways. Cell signalling is part of the molecular biology system that controls and coordinates the actions of cells.. Akt/PKB signalling pathway
In some cases, tumor cells have been found to possess higher levels of enzymes involved in this pathway, resulting in increased production of DHT. [ 81 ] [ 4 ] [ 7 ] Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for prostate cancer, which involves reducing the levels of androgens, specifically T and DHT, in the body. [ 82 ]
As such, inhibition of the PI3K pathway alongside other targets could offer a synergistic response, such as that seen with PI3K and MEK co-targeted inhibition in lung cancer cells. [30] More recently, co-targeting the PI3K pathway with PIM kinases has been suggested, with numerous pre-clinical studies suggesting the potential benefit of this ...
The changes elicited by ligand binding (or signal sensing) in a receptor give rise to a biochemical cascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway. When signaling pathways interact with one another they form networks, which allow cellular responses to be coordinated, often by combinatorial signaling events. [2]
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumor formation. The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus , resulting in the activation of genes through the process of ...
Pathways can also turn genes on and off, or spur a cell to move. [1] Some of the most common biological pathways are involved in metabolism, the regulation of gene expression and the transmission of signals. Pathways play a key role in advanced studies of genomics. Most common types of biological pathways: [1] Metabolic pathway; Genetic pathway
The Insulin Signaling Pathway; The Sonic hedgehog Signaling Pathway; The Wnt signaling pathway; The JAK-STAT signaling pathway; The Adrenergic receptor Pathways; The Acetylcholine receptor Pathways; The Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade; Conversely, negative cascades include events that are in a circular fashion, or can cause or be ...