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The Grötzsch graph is a triangle-free graph that cannot be colored with fewer than four colors. Much research about triangle-free graphs has focused on graph coloring. Every bipartite graph (that is, every 2-colorable graph) is triangle-free, and Grötzsch's theorem states that every triangle-free planar graph may be 3-colored. [8]
Claw-free graphs are the graphs that are locally co-triangle-free; that is, for all vertices, the complement graph of the neighbourhood of the vertex does not contain a triangle. A graph that is locally H is claw-free if and only if the independence number of H is at most two; for instance, the graph of the regular icosahedron is claw-free ...
The original motivation for the study of triangle removal lemma was the Ruzsa–Szemerédi problem.Its initial formulation due to Imre Z. Ruzsa and Szemerédi from 1978 was slightly weaker than the triangle removal lemma used nowadays and can be roughly stated as follows: every locally linear graph on vertices contains () edges. [6]
A drawing of a graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges.. In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
In graph theory, a planar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane, i.e., it can be drawn on the plane in such a way that its edges intersect only at their endpoints. In other words, it can be drawn in such a way that no edges cross each other. [1] [2] Such a drawing is called a plane graph, or a planar embedding of the graph.
This will retain (in expectation) a constant fraction of the triangles and edges. A balanced tripartite graph with the unique triangle property can be made into a partitioned bipartite graph by removing one of its three subsets of vertices, and making an induced matching on the neighbors of each removed vertex. To convert a graph with a unique ...
More precisely one speaks of Shannon multigraph Sh(n), if the three vertices are connected by ⌊ ⌋, ⌊ ⌋ and ⌊ + ⌋ edges respectively. This multigraph has maximum degree n . Its multiplicity (the maximum number of edges in a set of edges that all have the same endpoints) is ⌊ n + 1 2 ⌋ {\displaystyle \left\lfloor {\frac {n+1}{2 ...
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