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  2. R (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)

    R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9] The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data. R software is open-source and free software.

  3. Control flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_flow

    In these examples, if N < 1 then the body of loop may execute once (with I having value 1) or not at all, depending on the programming language. In many programming languages, only integers can be reliably used in a count-controlled loop.

  4. Comparison of programming languages (list comprehension)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    List comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form of the mathematical set-builder notation (set comprehension) as distinct from the use of map and filter functions.

  5. Loop invariant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_invariant

    Loop-invariant code consists of statements or expressions that can be moved outside a loop body without affecting the program semantics. Such transformations, called loop-invariant code motion, are performed by some compilers to optimize programs. A loop-invariant code example (in the C programming language) is

  6. While loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_loop

    In most computer programming languages, a while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. The while loop can be thought of as a repeating if statement .

  7. For loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_loop

    In computer programming, a loop counter is a control variable that controls the iterations of a loop (a computer programming language construct). It is so named because most uses of this construct result in the variable taking on a range of integer values in some orderly sequences (for example., starting at 0 and ending at 10 in increments of 1)

  8. Read–eval–print loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read–eval–print_loop

    The development environment then returns to the read state, creating a loop, which terminates when the program is closed. REPLs facilitate exploratory programming and debugging because the programmer can inspect the printed result before deciding what expression to provide for the next read. The read–eval–print loop involves the programmer ...

  9. Sentinel value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_value

    In computer programming, a sentinel value (also referred to as a flag value, trip value, rogue value, signal value, or dummy data) is a special value in the context of an algorithm which uses its presence as a condition of termination, typically in a loop or recursive algorithm.