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There have been three different approaches for rehabilitation. The first approach is the adaptive or functional approach; it involves functional tasks that use a patient's strengths and abilities. The second approach is remedial approach and involves restoration of the damaged central nervous system by training perceptual skills.
Visuospatial skills are needed for movement, depth and distance perception, and spatial navigation. [1] Impaired visuospatial skills can result in, for example, poor driving ability because distances are not judged correctly or difficulty navigating in space such as bumping into things. [1]
Ayres's theoretical framework for what she called Sensory Integration Dysfunction was developed after six factor analytic studies of populations of children with learning disabilities, perceptual motor disabilities and normal developing children. [81] Ayres created the following nosology based on the patterns that appeared on her factor analysis:
Sensory Integration Therapy is based on A. Jean Ayres's Sensory Integration Theory, which proposes that sensory-processing is linked to emotional regulation, learning, behavior, and participation in daily life. [2] Sensory integration is the process of organizing sensations from the body and environmental stimuli.
Sensory based motor disorder. Patients have incorrect processing of motor information that leads to poor motor skills. Sensory processing disorder or sensory discrimination disorder, which is characterized by postural control problems, lack of attentiveness, and disorganization. There are several therapies used to treat SPD.
Perceptual learning is learning better perception skills such as differentiating two musical tones from one another or categorizations of spatial and temporal patterns relevant to real-world expertise. Examples of this may include reading, seeing relations among chess pieces, and knowing whether or not an X-ray image shows a tumor.
Psychomotor learning is the relationship between cognitive functions and physical movement.Psychomotor learning is demonstrated by physical skills such as movement, coordination, manipulation, dexterity, grace, strength, speed—actions which demonstrate the fine or gross motor skills, such as use of precision instruments or tools, and walking.
Spatial ability is the capacity to understand, reason and remember the visual and spatial relations among objects or space. [1] There are four common types of spatial abilities: spatial or visuo-spatial perception, spatial visualization, mental folding and mental rotation. [3]