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  2. Sandfly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandfly

    Sandfly or sand fly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking dipteran (fly) encountered in sandy areas. In the United States , sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family Tabanidae ), or to members of the family Ceratopogonidae .

  3. Phlebotomus papatasi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlebotomus_papatasi

    Phlebotomus papatasi is a species of insects commonly known as sandflies. Due to their ectothermic climate limitations, P. papatasi are confined to regions with temperatures above 15 degrees Celsius for at least three months of the year, [1] spanning over much of the European Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. [2]

  4. Leishmaniasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishmaniasis

    Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. [7] It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe.

  5. Captive breeding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captive_breeding

    USFWS staff with two red wolf pups bred in captivity. Captive breeding, also known as captive propagation, is the process of keeping plants or animals in controlled environments, such as wildlife reserves, zoos, botanic gardens, and other conservation facilities.

  6. Climate change and infectious diseases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and...

    Mosquito behaviors are also affected by the change in temperature including increased breeding and biting rates. [84] Furthermore, extreme climate patterns, including drought, floods and heatwaves are known to exacerbate the proliferation of mosquito breeding ground and as a result, escalate the rate of virus-borne diseases.

  7. Gnat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnat

    Gnat from Robert Hooke's Micrographia, 1665 A female black fungus gnat. A gnat (/ ˈ n æ t /) is any of many species of tiny flying insects in the dipterid suborder Nematocera, especially those in the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae. [1]

  8. Germplasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm

    Germplasm resources allow for more genetic assets to be used and integrated for agricultural systems for plant breeding and bringing about new varieties. In addition, researchers are looking at crop wild relatives (CWRs) that could expand gene pools of crop species and provide more ability to select target traits.

  9. AP Environmental Science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science

    Advanced Placement (AP) Environmental Science (also known as APES, AP Enviro, AP Environmental, AP Environment, or AP EnviroSci) is a course and exam offered by the American College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program to high school students interested in the environmental and natural sciences. AP Environmental Science was first ...