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By the 14th century, the breviary contained the entire text of the canonical hours. In general, when modern secular books reference canonical hours in the Middle Ages, these are the equivalent times: Vigil (eighth hour of night: 2 a.m.) Matins (a later portion of Vigil, from 3 a.m. to dawn) Lauds (dawn; approximately 5 a.m., but varies seasonally)
The early church was known to pray the Psalms (Acts 4:23–30), which have remained a part of the canonical hours. By 60 AD, the Didache recommended disciples to pray the Lord's Prayer three times a day; this practice found its way into the canonical hours as well.
From the time of the early Church, the practice of seven fixed prayer times has been taught, which traces itself to the Prophet David in Psalm 119:164. [12] In Apostolic Tradition, Hippolytus instructed Christians to pray seven times a day, "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with ...
The purpose of the "Little Hours" sanctify the day by pausing in the midst of their work and dedicate various moments to prayer throughout the course of the day. [14] The time of day for Terce is associated with the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles on the day of Pentecost "seeing it is but the third hour of the day" ( Acts 2:15 ). [ 5 ]
The Assyrian Church of the East has its own 7 canonical hours. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Divine Office is found in the Horologion, which consists of 8 canonical hours: Vespers (sunset), Compline (Before Sleep), Midnight Office, Orthros (Sunrise), 1st hour (07:00), 3rd hour (09:00), 6th hour (12:00), and 9th hour (15:00).
The Daily Office is a term used primarily by members of the Episcopal Church. In Anglican churches, the traditional canonical hours of daily services include Morning Prayer (also called Matins or Mattins, especially when chanted) and Evening Prayer (called Evensong, especially when celebrated chorally), usually following the Book of Common Prayer.
The Book of Hours was the most popular type of personal devotional book among the laity in the later Middle Ages. The core contents of the Book of Hours is a simplified version of the Divine Office, the daily liturgy performed by monks at the 8 canonical hours of the day.
The daytime canonical hours of the Catholic Church take their names from the Roman clock: the prime, terce, sext and none occur during the first (prīma) = 6 am, third (tertia) = 9 am, sixth (sexta) = 12 pm, and ninth (nōna) = 3 pm, hours of the day. The English term noon is also derived from the ninth hour.