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Hull speed can be calculated by the following formula: where is the length of the waterline in feet, and is the hull speed of the vessel in knots. If the length of waterline is given in metres and desired hull speed in knots, the coefficient is 2.43 kn·m −½.
A velocity prediction program (VPP) is a computer program which solves for the performance of a sailing yacht in various wind conditions by balancing hull and sail forces. VPPs are used by yacht designers, boat builders, model testers, sailors, sailmakers, also America's Cup teams, to predict the performance of a sailboat before it has been built or prior to major modifications.
If a craft proceeds at 90° to a true wind of V T = 10 knots, itself traveling at a speed inducing V B = 10 knots, then the apparent wind angle would be 45° off the bow and the apparent wind speed would be about 14 knots, calculated as: square root [(V B) 2 + (V T) 2] = square root [10 2 + 10 2] = 14.14. As the craft becomes faster than the ...
All sailing craft reach a constant forward speed (V B) for a given wind speed (V T) and point of sail, when the forward driving force (F R) equals the forward resisting force (R l). [8] For an ice boat, the dominant forward resisting force is aerodynamic, since the coefficient of friction on smooth ice is as low as 0.02. Accordingly, high ...
In particular, any "displacement" or non-planing boat requires much greater power to accelerate beyond its hull speed, which is determined by the length of the waterline, and can be calculated using the formula: Vmax (in knots) = square root of LWL (in feet) x 1.34. The hull speed is the speed at which the wavelength of the bow wave stretches ...
For the International rule, the rating number is approximately equal to the sailing length of the hull. These boats have long overhangs which allow the waterline length to increase as the boat heels over. A displacement hull's maximum speed (the hull speed) is directly proportional to the square root of its waterline length. [2]
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Both calculate an approximation of the first natural frequency of vibration, which is assumed to be nearly equal to the critical speed of rotation. The Rayleigh–Ritz method is discussed here. For a shaft that is divided into n segments, the first natural frequency for a given beam, in rad/s , can be approximated as: