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The International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) were developed in 2006 by the Joint Commission International (JCI). The goals were adapted from the JCAHO's National Patient Safety Goals. [1] Compliance with IPSG has been monitored in JCI-accredited hospitals since January 2006. [1]
As a result, patient safety has emerged as a distinct healthcare discipline, supported by an immature yet developing scientific framework. There is a significant transdisciplinary body of theoretical and research literature that informs the science of patient safety, [3] with mobile health apps becoming an increasingly important area of study. [4]
The efficacy of EWSs in improving patient outcomes is also reliant on a number of personal and structural factors. For example, a lack of clinician knowledge of the EWS, incomplete or incorrect vital sign measurement, and the influence of power between nursing and medical staff hinder detection of clinical deterioration. [3]
The Donabedian model is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care. [1] According to the model, information about quality of care can be drawn from three categories: "structure", "process", and "outcomes". [2]
The National Patient Safety Goals is a quality and patient safety improvement program established by the Joint Commission in 2003. The NPSGs were established to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety.
A patient safety organization (PSO) is a group, institution, or association that improves medical care by reducing medical errors.Common functions of patient safety organizations are data collection, analysis, reporting, education, funding, and advocacy.
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Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.