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John Crawfurd FRS (13 August 1783 – 11 May 1868) was a Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat, and author who served as the second and last Resident of Singapore. Early life [ edit ]
Crawfurd, a member of Clan Crawford, was the eldest son, and heir, of John Crawfurd of Kilbirnie (1606–1629) and Lady Mary Cunningham.Among his siblings were Robert Crawfurd, Margaret Crawfurd (wife of Col. William Crawford), James Crawfurd, Ann Crawfurd (wife of Alexander Cunningham of Corsehill), Helen Crawfurd, and Agnes Crawfurd (wife of Thomas Findlay).
In 1756, he served as heir to his father's estate. [2] On 19 July 1765, he was served heir male of Sir John Crawfurd, of Kilbirnie by the Sheriff of Edinburgh.As a mark of Royal favour, on 11 September 1765, he "received a grant, by warrant under the sign-manual, of supporters, in addition to the coat of arms given out to Sir John as a Baronet of Nova Scotia, by the Lord Lyon, and matriculated ...
His paternal grandparents were Alexander Cuninghame and Anne (née Crawfurd) Cuninghame (sister to Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet, MP for Ayrshire). [2] Through his paternal line, he was a descendant of the 4th Earl of Glencairn through the Earl's second son, Hon. Andrew Cunningham. [3]
Dr John Crawfurd (1783–1868) 27 May 1823 15 August 1826 3 years, 2 months Argyll, Scotland Surgeon, Diplomat Governors of the Straits Settlements (1826–1942)
Through his maternal uncle, Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet, MP for Ayrshire, he was a first cousin of Margaret Crawfurd (wife of Hon. Patrick Crawford, son of the 17th Earl of Crawford) [4] and Ann Crawfurd (wife of Sir Archibald Stewart, 1st Baronet, of Blackhall). [5]
On 7 June 1823, John Crawfurd signed a second treaty with the Sultan and Temenggong, which extends British possession to most of the island. The Sultan and Temenggong traded most of their administrative rights of the island, including the collection of port taxes for lifelong monthly payments of $1500 and $800 respectively.
After installing John Crawfurd, an efficient and frugal administrator, as the new governor, Raffles departed for Britain in October 1823. [27] He would never return to Singapore. Most of his personal possessions were lost after his ship, the Fame, caught fire and sank, and he died only a few years later, in 1826, at the age of 44. [28]