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Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity. It is a philosophical razor that suggests a way of eliminating unlikely explanations for human behavior. It is probably named after a Robert J. Hanlon, [ 2 ] who submitted the statement to Murphy's Law Book Two: More Reasons Why Things Go Wrong!
Some psychologists have criticized microaggression theory for assuming that all verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities are due to bias. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Thomas Schacht says that it is uncertain whether a behavior is due to racial bias or is a larger phenomenon that occurs regardless of identity conflict. [ 25 ]
Group threat theory, also known as group position theory, [1] is a sociological theory that proposes the larger the size of an outgroup, the more the corresponding ingroup perceives it to threaten its own interests, resulting in the ingroup members having more negative attitudes toward the outgroup. [2]
A sociological theory is a supposition that intends to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective, [1]: 14 drawing connections between individual concepts in order to organize and substantiate sociological knowledge.
Explanatory power – Ability of a theory to explain a subject; Marcello Truzzi § "Extraordinary claims" Morgan's Canon – Law of parsimony in comparative (animal) psychology; Morton's fork – False dilemma in which contradictory observations lead to the same conclusion
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. [1] A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity.
The SIDE model provides an alternative explanation for effects of anonymity and other "deindividuating" factors that classic deindividuation theory [1] [2] cannot adequately explain. The model suggests that anonymity changes the relative salience of personal vs. social identity, and thereby can have a profound effect on group behavior.
When personal progress becomes stagnant or frustrated in moving from a negative to a more positive plateau given a relatively high vital or psychic level of value attainment, there is an inherent tendency toward regression in terms of indulgence in traditional vices and a host of other physical and psychological addictions and self-destructive ...