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Let us assume that the standard direct material cost of widget is as follows: 2 kg of unobtainium at € 60 per kg ( = € 120 per unit). Let us assume further that during the given period, 100 widgets were manufactured, using 212 kg of unobtainium which cost € 13,144. Under those assumptions direct material price variance can be calculated as:
In software development, effort estimation is the process of predicting the most realistic amount of effort (expressed in terms of person-hours or money) required to develop or maintain software based on incomplete, uncertain and noisy input.
Basis of estimate (BOE) is a tool used in the field of project management by which members of the project team, usually estimators, project managers, or cost analysts, calculate the total cost of the project.
In variance analysis, direct material usage (efficiency, quantity) variance is the difference between the standard quantity of materials that should have been used for the number of units actually produced, and the actual quantity of materials used, valued at the standard cost per unit of material.
The term "variance structure" refers to the algebraic form of the covariance matrix between outcomes, Y, in the sample. Examples of variance structure specifications include independence, exchangeable, autoregressive, stationary m-dependent, and unstructured.
The variance of randomly generated points within a unit square can be reduced through a stratification process. In mathematics , more specifically in the theory of Monte Carlo methods , variance reduction is a procedure used to increase the precision of the estimates obtained for a given simulation or computational effort. [ 1 ]
The Lang Factor is an estimated ratio of the total cost of creating a process within a plant, to the cost of all major technical components. It is widely used in industrial engineering to calculate the capital and operating costs of a plant. [1] [2] [3]
Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography (also known as AP Human Geo, AP Geography, APHG, AP HuGe, APHug, AP Human, HuGS, AP HuGo, or HGAP) is an Advanced Placement social studies course in human geography for high school, usually freshmen students in the US, culminating in an exam administered by the College Board. [1]