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Persian literature [a] comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It spans over two-and-a-half millennia.
The Arabic translation of parts of this treatise is given by Abu Mansour Tha'labi. The text of this treatise has been published in the collection of Pahlavi texts . This treatise has also been translated into modern Persian. An English translation was made as part of a larger (not identified) work, by Darab Dastur Peshotan Sanjana. [3]
The Divān of Hafez (Persian: دیوان حافظ) is a collection of poems written by the Iranian poet Hafez. Most of these poems are in Persian, but there are some macaronic language poems (in Persian and Arabic) and a completely Arabic ghazal. The most important part of this Divān is the ghazals.
The list is not comprehensive, but is continuously being expanded and includes Persian poets as well as poets who write in Persian from Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Georgia, Dagestan, Turkey, Syria, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Lebanon, Pakistan and elsewhere.
The sources used to identify relevant translations include the following. Journals. American journal of Semitic languages and literatures. [1] [2] [3] An academic journal covering research on the ancient and medieval civilizations of the Near East, including archaeology, art, history, literature, linguistics, religion, law, and science.
The most complete versions of Qaani's diwan (collection of poetry) consists of over 20,000 verses. This may make up only a fifth of his total oeuvre, the remainder having been lost (Qaani was not meticulous about preserving his writings).
In Persian-speaking countries today, proverbs and aphorisms from the Golestan appear in every kind of literature and continue to be current in conversation, much as Shakespeare is in English. [ 1 ] [ 16 ] As Sir John Malcolm wrote in his Sketches of Persia in 1828, the stories and maxims of Sa'di were "known to all, from the king to the peasant".
The earliest surviving literary works in an Iranian language are that of the religious texts of the Avesta, written in Avestan, an Old Iranian sacred language.The oldest part of these are the Gathas (𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁, Gāθā, "hymn"), that are a collection of hymns believed to be composed by Zoroaster, the reformer of the ancient Iranian religion and the founder of Zoroastrianism, dating to ...