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Because diffraction is the result of addition of all waves (of given wavelength) along all unobstructed paths, the usual procedure is to consider the contribution of an infinitesimally small neighborhood around a certain path (this contribution is usually called a wavelet) and then integrate over all paths (= add all wavelets) from the source to the detector (or given point on a screen).
Graph and image of single-slit diffraction. The width of the slit is W. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is shown in the image together with a plot of the intensity vs. angle θ. [10] The pattern has maximum intensity at θ = 0, and a series of peaks of decreasing intensity. Most of the diffracted light falls between the first minima.
Graph and image of single-slit diffraction. A long slit of infinitesimal width which is illuminated by light diffracts the light into a series of circular waves and the wavefront which emerges from the slit is a cylindrical wave of uniform intensity, in accordance with the Huygens–Fresnel principle.
Same double-slit assembly (0.7 mm between slits); in top image, one slit is closed. In the single-slit image, a diffraction pattern (the faint spots on either side of the main band) forms due to the nonzero width of the slit. This diffraction pattern is also seen in the double-slit image, but with many smaller interference fringes.
Diffraction geometry, showing aperture (or diffracting object) plane and image plane, with coordinate system. If the aperture is in x ′ y ′ plane, with the origin in the aperture and is illuminated by a monochromatic wave, of wavelength λ, wavenumber k with complex amplitude A(x ′,y ′), and the diffracted wave is observed in the unprimed x,y-plane along the positive -axis, where l,m ...
Lloyd's mirror has important advantages over double-slit interferometers. If one wishes to create a series of closely spaced interference fringes using a double-slit interferometer, the spacing d between the slits must be increased. Increasing the slit spacing, however, requires that the input beam be broadened to cover both slits.
Schematics and diffraction pattern for Single slit experiment. 00:29, 16 March 2012: 700 × 600 (61 KB) 老陳: Schematics and diffraction pattern for the single slit experiment. 00:12, 16 March 2012: 700 × 600 (60 KB) 老陳: Diffraction schematics and pattern for single slit experiment. 04:23, 15 March 2012: 690 × 560 (56 KB) 老陳
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