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Because of the instability of its Pb 4+ cation, lead dioxide reacts with hot acids, converting to the more stable Pb 2+ state and liberating oxygen: [6] 2 PbO 2 + 2 H 2 SO 4 → 2 PbSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + O 2 2 PbO 2 + 4 HNO 3 → 2 Pb(NO 3) 2 + 2 H 2 O + O 2 PbO 2 + 4 HCl → PbCl 2 + 2 H 2 O + Cl 2. However these reactions are slow. Lead dioxide is ...
2 Pb(NO 3) 2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO 2 + O 2 PbCO 3 → PbO + CO 2. PbO is produced on a large scale as an intermediate product in refining raw lead ores into metallic lead. The usual lead ore is galena (lead(II) sulfide). At a temperature of around 1,000 °C (1,800 °F) the sulfide is converted to the oxide: [5] 2 PbS + 3 O 2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO 2
Lead sesquioxide, Pb 2 O 3, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide as well (lead(II) metaplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+][PbO 2− 3]), reddish yellow Pb 12 O 19 , monoclinic, dark-brown or black crystals The so-called black lead oxide , which is a mixture of PbO and fine-powdered Pb metal and used in the production of lead–acid batteries .
It dissolves in nitric acid with the evolution of nitric oxide gas to form dissolved Pb(NO 3) 2. 3 Pb + 8 H + + 8 NO − 3 → 3 Pb 2+ + 6 NO − 3 + 2 NO + 4 H 2 O. When heated with nitrates of alkali metals, metallic lead oxidizes to form PbO (also known as litharge), leaving the corresponding alkali nitrite. PbO is representative of lead's ...
3 Pb 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 + O 2 → 2 Pb 3 O 4 + 3 CO 2 + 3 H 2 O. In solution, lead(II,IV) oxide can be prepared by reaction of potassium plumbate with lead(II) acetate, yielding yellow insoluble lead(II,IV) oxide monohydrate Pb 3 O 4 ·H 2 O, which can be turned into the anhydrous form by gentle heating: K 2 PbO 3 + 2 Pb(OCOCH 3) 2 + H 2 O → Pb 3 ...
In aqueous solution, lead(II) hydroxide is a somewhat weak base, forming lead(II) ion, Pb 2+, under weakly acidic conditions. This cation hydrolyzes and, under progressively increasing alkaline conditions, it becomes somewhat weak acid, and it forms Pb(OH) +, Pb(OH) 2 (aqueous), Pb(OH) − 3, and other species, including several polynuclear species, e.g., Pb 4 (OH) 4+ 4, Pb 3 (OH) 2+ 4, Pb 6 O ...
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The capped square antiprismatic anion [Pb 9] 4− from [K(18-crown-6)] 2 K 2 Pb 9 ·(en) 1.5 [82] Some lead compounds exist in formal oxidation states other than +4 or +2. Lead(III) may be obtained, as an intermediate between lead(II) and lead(IV), in larger organolead complexes; this oxidation state is not stable, as both the lead(III) ion and ...